PenaltyPeriodicSegmentalConstraint

PenaltyPeriodicSegmentalConstraint enforces macro-micro periodic conditions between secondary and primary sides of a mortar interface using a penalty approach (no Lagrange multipliers needed). Must be used alongside PenaltyEqualValueConstraint.

Description

This Constraint demonstrates the usage of the scalar augmentation class described in MortarScalarBase. The other terms in the weak form are handled using the PenaltyEqualValueConstraint as described below.

In comparison to Dirichlet or Neumann conditions, periodic boundary conditions have been found to typically be the most accurate (fastest converging) approach for applying macro-to-micro scale transition constraints. Several methods for imposing periodic boundary conditions exist, each with pros and cons. For example, the periodic constraint will only be satisfied approximately by this method. Alternatively, the periodic condition can be imposed by the Lagrange multiplier method using PeriodicSegmentalConstraint or one of the other periodic approaches in MOOSE.

This class provides the macro-micro coupling terms to implement periodic boundary conditions using the penalty method, which is a subset of the Discontinuous Galerkin method proposed within Aduloju and Truster (2020). Alternatively, these equations impose an average value of the diffusive flux of a spatial variable over a domain using surface rather than volume integrals.

The strong form is posed over domain $var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-edc431c1-7b75-4d08-8075-d7e58073fd11");katex.render("\\Omega", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false});$ with opposing boundary pairs $var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-01829fdc-230c-4046-8b34-8682e8dae7af");katex.render("\\Gamma^+", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false});$ and $var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-d8e2ef2d-f87b-4bf1-9a85-92ebe4c5fb47");katex.render("\\Gamma^-", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false});$ is written in PeriodicSegmentalConstraint for the mortar method. The corresponding weak form is (using inner-product notation):

(1)var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-e41a6f1c-330d-4495-b43c-8fe93be36deb");katex.render("\\begin{aligned} (\\nabla \\psi, D \\nabla u)_\\Omega + \\langle \\llbracket \\psi \\rrbracket,\\tau \\llbracket u \\rrbracket \\rangle _{\\Gamma^+} - \\langle \\llbracket \\psi \\rrbracket,\\tau \\vec{\\epsilon} \\cdot \\llbracket \\vec{x} \\rrbracket \\rangle _{\\Gamma^+} = 0\\\\ -\\langle \\vec{\\kappa} \\cdot \\llbracket \\vec{x} \\rrbracket, \\tau \\llbracket u \\rrbracket \\rangle _{\\Gamma^+} +\\langle \\vec{\\kappa} \\cdot \\llbracket \\vec{x} \\rrbracket, \\tau \\vec{\\epsilon} \\cdot \\llbracket \\vec{x} \\rrbracket \\rangle _{\\Gamma^+} = \\langle \\vec{\\kappa} \\cdot \\llbracket \\vec{x} \\rrbracket, \\vec{\\sigma} \\cdot \\hat{n} \\rangle _{\\Gamma^+} \\end{aligned}", element, {displayMode:true,throwOnError:false});

where $var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-1d7ab10d-0887-4434-9d15-c1d9f410d2ce");katex.render("\\epsilon", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false});$ is the average diffusive gradient to be solved for, and $var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-5f69b1a9-fbed-4d16-a47f-24a8e75a653e");katex.render("\\sigma", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false});$ is the average diffusive flux imposed through the penalty constraint. Also, $var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-1e2a4c6c-31dd-4350-b1a5-e8c2a6972bc1");katex.render("\\psi", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false});$ is the test function of the diffusive variable $var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-68eea7c8-c202-44f7-a13f-469ade9d7e77");katex.render("u", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false});$ , and $var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-78586a17-6a1d-46c9-8549-e5c58c418119");katex.render("\\vec{\\kappa}", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false});$ is an arbitrary test vector (spatially uniform) to impose the constraint involving the scalar variable $var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-86be7aa5-3a4c-4a8a-a871-c7afc27ef451");katex.render("\\vec{\\epsilon}", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false});$ . The jump operator is defined for a single valued or vector valued field as $var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-c5c24dfc-1e26-4165-b94c-d4c30249d232");katex.render("\\llbracket u \\rrbracket = u^{+} - u^{-}", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false});$ and $var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-09d05461-c334-4ebf-8b5d-6db1b8f0bd9e");katex.render("\\llbracket \\vec{x} \\rrbracket = \\vec{x}^{+} - \\vec{x}^{-}", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false});$ , respectively. Finally, $var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-f4dca1ae-71ca-4ed7-b32a-205efa6eb58e");katex.render("\\tau", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false});$ is a penalty parameter to impose the constraint.

Note: The macro-to-micro constraint $var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-7c0de248-1847-4c58-95b5-7d500b2e30fe");katex.render("\\llbracket u \\rrbracket = \\vec{\\epsilon} \\cdot \\llbracket \\vec{x} \\rrbracket", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false});$ will only be satisfied approximately by this method, depending on the size of the penalty parameter.

Input File Parameters

The terms in the weak form Eq. (1) are handled by several different classes. The volume integrals are handled by Diffusion or MatDiffusion. The surface term $var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-3bf0f025-4220-4b4b-8f50-9bf0bb877c5c");katex.render("\\langle \\llbracket w \\rrbracket,\\tau \\llbracket u \\rrbracket \\rangle _{\\Gamma^+}", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false});$ is computed by PenaltyEqualValueConstraint. The remaining four terms are handled by this class.

Two of these objects are shown in the input file below:

[Constraints]
  [mortarlr]
    type = PenaltyEqualValueConstraint
    primary_boundary = '11'
    secondary_boundary = '13'
    primary_subdomain = 'primary_right'
    secondary_subdomain = 'secondary_left'
    secondary_variable = u
    correct_edge_dropping = true
    penalty_value = 1.e2
  []
  [periodiclr]
    type = PenaltyPeriodicSegmentalConstraint
    primary_boundary = '11'
    secondary_boundary = '13'
    primary_subdomain = 'primary_right'
    secondary_subdomain = 'secondary_left'
    secondary_variable = u
    epsilon = epsilon
    sigma = sigma
    correct_edge_dropping = true
    penalty_value = 1.e2
  []
  [mortarbt]
    type = PenaltyEqualValueConstraint
    primary_boundary = '12'
    secondary_boundary = '10'
    primary_subdomain = 'primary_top'
    secondary_subdomain = 'secondary_bottom'
    secondary_variable = u
    correct_edge_dropping = true
    penalty_value = 1.e2
  []
  [periodicbt]
    type = PenaltyPeriodicSegmentalConstraint
    primary_boundary = '12'
    secondary_boundary = '10'
    primary_subdomain = 'primary_top'
    secondary_subdomain = 'secondary_bottom'
    secondary_variable = u
    epsilon = epsilon
    sigma = sigma
    correct_edge_dropping = true
    penalty_value = 1.e2
  []
[]

The applied macroscale diffusive flux $var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-869f915d-c618-422f-a2a6-be4253d38f9d");katex.render("\\sigma", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false});$ is applied as the sigma vector via an auxiliary scalar. The computed macroscale diffusive gradient $var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-780ef95a-2332-4ed8-b30b-1cd442dc3122");katex.render("\\epsilon", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false});$ is assigned in a scalar variable epsilon. Both of these scalars should have the same number of components as the spatial dimension of $var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-cc6be882-5f60-4638-9bf8-96cd6ebfee16");katex.render("\\Omega", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false});$ . The volume integral of the gradient of the primary field will be constrained to $var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-d9702683-907e-42ac-8c48-b61553e34098");katex.render("\\epsilon", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false});$ in a weak sense, depending on the size of the penalty parameter penalty_value.

Also, the coupled_scalar must be assigned the same scalar as epsilon.

The microscale diffusion variable is specified using the primary_variable parameter. If the solution values to be matched are between different variables, the secondary_variable parameter can also be supplied. These same parameters must be used for the micro-micro coupling terms in the PenaltyEqualValueConstraint object.

The generation of the lower-dimensional mesh surfaces for $var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-dacac293-afde-4afc-92e5-f8f402dba34f");katex.render("\\Gamma^+", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false});$ and $var element = document.getElementById("moose-equation-8b6ccb5a-f39c-4e82-a625-c2ed070de543");katex.render("\\Gamma^-", element, {displayMode:false,throwOnError:false});$ are described in the Mortar Constraint system. The projection between two separated surfaces on opposite sides of the domain are naturally handled by the system. This is true for both PenaltyEqualValueConstraint and PenaltyPeriodicSegmentalConstraint. In fact, the meshes can be nonconforming as long as the geometry is conforming, although the choice of penalty_value becomes more delicate. Note that the periodic parameter is NOT needed, but if it is applied then it should be the same for BOTH PenaltyEqualValueConstraint and PenaltyPeriodicSegmentalConstraint.

note:Parallel offsets

Due to current restrictions on AutomaticMortarGeneration, the opposing surfaces must be directly opposite along the unit normal direction.

Input Parameters

primary_boundaryThe name of the primary boundary sideset.
C++ Type:BoundaryName
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:The name of the primary boundary sideset.
primary_subdomainThe name of the primary subdomain.
C++ Type:SubdomainName
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:The name of the primary subdomain.
secondary_boundaryThe name of the secondary boundary sideset.
C++ Type:BoundaryName
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:The name of the secondary boundary sideset.
secondary_subdomainThe name of the secondary subdomain.
C++ Type:SubdomainName
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:The name of the secondary subdomain.
sigmaControlled scalar averaging variable
C++ Type:std::vector<VariableName>
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:Controlled scalar averaging variable

Required Parameters

aux_lmAuxiliary Lagrange multiplier variable that is utilized together with the Petrov-Galerkin approach.
C++ Type:std::vector<VariableName>
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:Auxiliary Lagrange multiplier variable that is utilized together with the Petrov-Galerkin approach.
compute_lm_residualsTrueWhether to compute Lagrange Multiplier residuals
Default:True
C++ Type:bool
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:Whether to compute Lagrange Multiplier residuals
compute_primal_residualsTrueWhether to compute residuals for the primal variable.
Default:True
C++ Type:bool
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:Whether to compute residuals for the primal variable.
compute_scalar_residualsTrueWhether to compute scalar residuals
Default:True
C++ Type:bool
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:Whether to compute scalar residuals
correct_edge_droppingFalseWhether to enable correct edge dropping treatment for mortar constraints. When disabled any Lagrange Multiplier degree of freedom on a secondary element without full primary contributions will be set (strongly) to 0.
Default:False
C++ Type:bool
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:Whether to enable correct edge dropping treatment for mortar constraints. When disabled any Lagrange Multiplier degree of freedom on a secondary element without full primary contributions will be set (strongly) to 0.
debug_meshFalseWhether this constraint is going to enable mortar segment mesh debug information. An exodusfile will be generated if the user sets this flag to true
Default:False
C++ Type:bool
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:Whether this constraint is going to enable mortar segment mesh debug information. An exodusfile will be generated if the user sets this flag to true
epsilonPrimary coupled scalar variable
C++ Type:std::vector<VariableName>
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:Primary coupled scalar variable
ghost_higher_d_neighborsFalseWhether we should ghost higher-dimensional neighbors. This is necessary when we are doing second order mortar with finite volume primal variables, because in order for the method to be second order we must use cell gradients, which couples in the neighbor cells.
Default:False
C++ Type:bool
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:Whether we should ghost higher-dimensional neighbors. This is necessary when we are doing second order mortar with finite volume primal variables, because in order for the method to be second order we must use cell gradients, which couples in the neighbor cells.
ghost_point_neighborsFalseWhether we should ghost point neighbors of secondary face elements, and consequently also their mortar interface couples.
Default:False
C++ Type:bool
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:Whether we should ghost point neighbors of secondary face elements, and consequently also their mortar interface couples.
interpolate_normalsTrueWhether to interpolate the nodal normals (e.g. classic idea of evaluating field at quadrature points). If this is set to false, then non-interpolated nodal normals will be used, and then the _normals member should be indexed with _i instead of _qp
Default:True
C++ Type:bool
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:Whether to interpolate the nodal normals (e.g. classic idea of evaluating field at quadrature points). If this is set to false, then non-interpolated nodal normals will be used, and then the _normals member should be indexed with _i instead of _qp
minimum_projection_angle40Parameter to control which angle (in degrees) is admissible for the creation of mortar segments. If set to a value close to zero, very oblique projections are allowed, which can result in mortar segments solving physics not meaningfully, and overprojection of primary nodes onto the mortar segment mesh in extreme cases. This parameter is mostly intended for mortar mesh debugging purposes in two dimensions.
Default:40
C++ Type:double
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:Parameter to control which angle (in degrees) is admissible for the creation of mortar segments. If set to a value close to zero, very oblique projections are allowed, which can result in mortar segments solving physics not meaningfully, and overprojection of primary nodes onto the mortar segment mesh in extreme cases. This parameter is mostly intended for mortar mesh debugging purposes in two dimensions.
penalty_value1Penalty value used to impose a generalized force capturing the mortar constraint equation
Default:1
C++ Type:double
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:Penalty value used to impose a generalized force capturing the mortar constraint equation
periodicFalseWhether this constraint is going to be used to enforce a periodic condition. This has the effect of changing the normals vector for projection from outward to inward facing
Default:False
C++ Type:bool
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:Whether this constraint is going to be used to enforce a periodic condition. This has the effect of changing the normals vector for projection from outward to inward facing
primary_variablePrimal variable on primary surface. If this parameter is not provided then the primary variable will be initialized to the secondary variable
C++ Type:VariableName
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:Primal variable on primary surface. If this parameter is not provided then the primary variable will be initialized to the secondary variable
prop_getter_suffixAn optional suffix parameter that can be appended to any attempt to retrieve/get material properties. The suffix will be prepended with a '_' character.
C++ Type:MaterialPropertyName
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:An optional suffix parameter that can be appended to any attempt to retrieve/get material properties. The suffix will be prepended with a '_' character.
quadratureDEFAULTQuadrature rule to use on mortar segments. For 2D mortar DEFAULT is recommended. For 3D mortar, QUAD meshes are integrated using triangle mortar segments. While DEFAULT quadrature order is typically sufficiently accurate, exact integration of QUAD mortar faces requires SECOND order quadrature for FIRST variables and FOURTH order quadrature for SECOND order variables.
Default:DEFAULT
C++ Type:MooseEnum
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Options:DEFAULT, FIRST, SECOND, THIRD, FOURTH
Controllable:No
Description:Quadrature rule to use on mortar segments. For 2D mortar DEFAULT is recommended. For 3D mortar, QUAD meshes are integrated using triangle mortar segments. While DEFAULT quadrature order is typically sufficiently accurate, exact integration of QUAD mortar faces requires SECOND order quadrature for FIRST variables and FOURTH order quadrature for SECOND order variables.
secondary_variablePrimal variable on secondary surface.
C++ Type:VariableName
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:Primal variable on secondary surface.
use_interpolated_stateFalseFor the old and older state use projected material properties interpolated at the quadrature points. To set up projection use the ProjectedStatefulMaterialStorageAction.
Default:False
C++ Type:bool
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:For the old and older state use projected material properties interpolated at the quadrature points. To set up projection use the ProjectedStatefulMaterialStorageAction.
use_petrov_galerkinFalseWhether to use the Petrov-Galerkin approach for the mortar-based constraints. If set to true, we use the standard basis as the test function and dual basis as the shape function for the interpolation of the Lagrange multiplier variable.
Default:False
C++ Type:bool
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:Whether to use the Petrov-Galerkin approach for the mortar-based constraints. If set to true, we use the standard basis as the test function and dual basis as the shape function for the interpolation of the Lagrange multiplier variable.
variableThe name of the lagrange multiplier variable that this constraint is applied to. This parameter may not be supplied in the case of using penalty methods for example
C++ Type:NonlinearVariableName
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:The name of the lagrange multiplier variable that this constraint is applied to. This parameter may not be supplied in the case of using penalty methods for example

Optional Parameters

absolute_value_vector_tagsThe tags for the vectors this residual object should fill with the absolute value of the residual contribution
C++ Type:std::vector<TagName>
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:The tags for the vectors this residual object should fill with the absolute value of the residual contribution
extra_matrix_tagsThe extra tags for the matrices this Kernel should fill
C++ Type:std::vector<TagName>
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:The extra tags for the matrices this Kernel should fill
extra_vector_tagsThe extra tags for the vectors this Kernel should fill
C++ Type:std::vector<TagName>
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:The extra tags for the vectors this Kernel should fill
matrix_tagssystemThe tag for the matrices this Kernel should fill
Default:system
C++ Type:MultiMooseEnum
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Options:nontime, system
Controllable:No
Description:The tag for the matrices this Kernel should fill
vector_tagsnontimeThe tag for the vectors this Kernel should fill
Default:nontime
C++ Type:MultiMooseEnum
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Options:nontime, time
Controllable:No
Description:The tag for the vectors this Kernel should fill

Tagging Parameters

control_tagsAdds user-defined labels for accessing object parameters via control logic.
C++ Type:std::vector<std::string>
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:Adds user-defined labels for accessing object parameters via control logic.
enableTrueSet the enabled status of the MooseObject.
Default:True
C++ Type:bool
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:Yes
Description:Set the enabled status of the MooseObject.
implicitTrueDetermines whether this object is calculated using an implicit or explicit form
Default:True
C++ Type:bool
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:Determines whether this object is calculated using an implicit or explicit form
seed0The seed for the master random number generator
Default:0
C++ Type:unsigned int
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:The seed for the master random number generator
use_displaced_meshFalseWhether or not this object should use the displaced mesh for computation. Note that in the case this is true but no displacements are provided in the Mesh block the undisplaced mesh will still be used.
Default:False
C++ Type:bool
Unit:(no unit assumed)
Controllable:No
Description:Whether or not this object should use the displaced mesh for computation. Note that in the case this is true but no displacements are provided in the Mesh block the undisplaced mesh will still be used.

Advanced Parameters

References

Sunday C. Aduloju and Timothy J. Truster. A primal formulation for imposing periodic boundary conditions on conforming and nonconforming meshes. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 359:112663, February 2020. URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045782519305481, doi:10.1016/j.cma.2019.112663.

@article{aduloju_primal_2020,
    author = "Aduloju, Sunday C. and Truster, Timothy J.",
    title = "A primal formulation for imposing periodic boundary conditions on conforming and nonconforming meshes",
    volume = "359",
    issn = "0045-7825",
    url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045782519305481",
    doi = "10.1016/j.cma.2019.112663",
    journal = "Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering",
    month = "February",
    year = "2020",
    pages = "112663"
}

(moose/test/tests/mortar/periodic_segmental_constraint/penalty_periodic_simple2d.i)

[Mesh]
  [left_block]
    type = GeneratedMeshGenerator
    dim = 2
    xmin = -1.0
    xmax = 1.0
    ymin = -1.0
    ymax = 1.0
    nx = 2
    ny = 2
    elem_type = QUAD4
  []
  [left_block_sidesets]
    type = RenameBoundaryGenerator
    input = left_block
    old_boundary = '0 1 2 3'
    new_boundary = '10 11 12 13'
  []
  [left_block_id]
    type = SubdomainIDGenerator
    input = left_block_sidesets
    subdomain_id = 1
  []
  [left]
    type = LowerDBlockFromSidesetGenerator
    input = left_block_id
    sidesets = '13'
    new_block_id = '10003'
    new_block_name = 'secondary_left'
  []
  [right]
    type = LowerDBlockFromSidesetGenerator
    input = left
    sidesets = '11'
    new_block_id = '10001'
    new_block_name = 'primary_right'
  []
  [bottom]
    type = LowerDBlockFromSidesetGenerator
    input = right
    sidesets = '10'
    new_block_id = '10000'
    new_block_name = 'secondary_bottom'
  []
  [top]
    type = LowerDBlockFromSidesetGenerator
    input = bottom
    sidesets = '12'
    new_block_id = '10002'
    new_block_name = 'primary_top'
  []

  [corner_node]
    type = ExtraNodesetGenerator
    new_boundary = 'pinned_node'
    nodes = '0'
    input = top
  []
[]

[Variables]
  [u]
    order = FIRST
    family = LAGRANGE
  []
  [epsilon]
    order = SECOND
    family = SCALAR
  []
[]

[AuxVariables]
  [sigma]
    order = SECOND
    family = SCALAR
  []
[]

[AuxScalarKernels]
  [sigma]
    type = FunctionScalarAux
    variable = sigma
    function = '1 2'
    execute_on = initial #timestep_end
  []
[]

[Kernels]
  [diff1]
    type = Diffusion
    variable = u
    block = 1
  []
[]

[Problem]
  kernel_coverage_check = false
  error_on_jacobian_nonzero_reallocation = true
[]

[BCs]
  [fix_right]
    type = DirichletBC
    variable = u
    boundary = pinned_node
    value = 0
  []
[]

[Constraints]
  [mortarlr]
    type = PenaltyEqualValueConstraint
    primary_boundary = '11'
    secondary_boundary = '13'
    primary_subdomain = 'primary_right'
    secondary_subdomain = 'secondary_left'
    secondary_variable = u
    correct_edge_dropping = true
    penalty_value = 1.e2
  []
  [periodiclr]
    type = PenaltyPeriodicSegmentalConstraint
    primary_boundary = '11'
    secondary_boundary = '13'
    primary_subdomain = 'primary_right'
    secondary_subdomain = 'secondary_left'
    secondary_variable = u
    epsilon = epsilon
    sigma = sigma
    correct_edge_dropping = true
    penalty_value = 1.e2
  []
  [mortarbt]
    type = PenaltyEqualValueConstraint
    primary_boundary = '12'
    secondary_boundary = '10'
    primary_subdomain = 'primary_top'
    secondary_subdomain = 'secondary_bottom'
    secondary_variable = u
    correct_edge_dropping = true
    penalty_value = 1.e2
  []
  [periodicbt]
    type = PenaltyPeriodicSegmentalConstraint
    primary_boundary = '12'
    secondary_boundary = '10'
    primary_subdomain = 'primary_top'
    secondary_subdomain = 'secondary_bottom'
    secondary_variable = u
    epsilon = epsilon
    sigma = sigma
    correct_edge_dropping = true
    penalty_value = 1.e2
  []
[]

[Executioner]
  type = Steady
  solve_type = 'PJFNK'
  petsc_options_iname = '-pc_type -pc_hypre_type'
  petsc_options_value = 'hypre boomeramg'
[]

[Outputs]
  csv = true
[]

Description
Input File Parameters
Input Parameters
References